The principle used to measure hardness is based on measuring the resistance force of the penetration of a pin into the test material under a known spring load. The amount of penetration (max. 2.54 mm / 0.1 in.) is converted to hardness reading on a scale with 100 units.

As per the ASTM D2240 Standard, readings below 10 and above 90 are not to be considered reliable and should be discarded. Therefore, it is important to select the approapriate Scale that will provide results between 10-90 units.

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